Endovascular management of primary long-segment inferior vena cava occlusion: treatment strategies and clinical outcomes

Background Primary long-segment occlusion of the inferior vena cava (IVC) is a rare condition with diverse clinical presentations. The optimal management approach for this condition remains uncertain, warranting further investigation into endovascular treatment methods. Methods A retrospective study conducted at Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from 2012 to 2018 assessed 16 patients with primary long-segment IVC occlusion. Patients underwent comprehensive imaging evaluations and received endovascular interventions such as angioplasty, stent placement, and online blood flow restoration. Additionally, a literature review was performed to analyze current practices in managing IVC occlusion. Results Endovascular treatment was completed in all patients, with favorable primary and secondary patency rates during follow-up. Clinical symptoms significantly improved post-treatment, and the majority of patients achieved IVC patency without major complications. The study showcased the efficacy of angioplasty and stent placement in managing primary IVC occlusion. Conclusion Endovascular therapy is a safe and effective approach for tackling long-segment IVC occlusion, leading to improved patient outcomes. Long-term anticoagulant prophylaxis is advised to mitigate the risk of venous thrombosis in these patients. This study contributes valuable insights for guiding clinical practice in treating primary IVC occlusion.