Deep learning-based action recognition for analyzing drug-induced bone remodeling mechanisms

Introduction Understanding the mechanisms of drug-induced bone remodeling is critical for optimizing therapeutic interventions and minimizing adverse effects in bone health management. Bone remodeling is a highly dynamic process that involves the intricate interplay between osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes, regulated by a complex network of signaling pathways and molecular interactions. Traditional experimental and computational approaches often fail to capture this dynamic and multi-scale nature, particularly when influenced by pharmacological agents, which can have both therapeutic and adverse effects. Methods In this work, we present a novel deep learning-based framework for action recognition, specifically designed to analyze drug-induced bone remodeling mechanisms. Our framework leverages graph neural networks (GNNs) to model the spatial and temporal dependencies of multi-scale biological data, combined with a dynamic signal propagation model to identify key molecular interactions driving bone remodeling. A predictive pharmacological interaction model is integrated to quantify drug-target interactions, assess their systemic impacts, and simulate off-target effects. This approach also evaluates combinatorial drug effects, offering insights into the synergistic or antagonistic behaviors of multiple agents. Results By incorporating these features, our method provides a comprehensive view of drug-induced changes, enabling accurate prediction of their effects on bone formation and resorption pathways. Discussion Experimental results highlight the model’s potential to advance precision medicine, enabling the development of more effective and safer therapeutic strategies for managing bone health.