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Synergistic Effects of UVB and Ionizing Radiation on Human Non-Malignant Cells: Implications for Ozone Depletion and Secondary Cosmic Radiation Exposure

ORCID
0000-0002-7614-9499
Affiliation
DNA Damage Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece;(A.G.);(S.N.V.);(A.G.);(I.T.)
Gkikoudi, Angeliki;
ORCID
0000-0002-9706-1883
Affiliation
Radiobiology Laboratory, “Victor Babeș” National Institute of Pathology, 99-101 Splaiul Independentei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania;(G.M.);(E.-M.D.);(M.D.);(I.V.N.)
Manda, Gina;
Affiliation
Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, University of Ulm, Neuherbergstraβe 11, 80937 Munich, Germany;
Beinke, Christina;
ORCID
0000-0001-7595-814X
Affiliation
Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany(A.A.-Q.);(F.K.)
Giesen, Ulrich;
Affiliation
Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany(A.A.-Q.);(F.K.)
Al-Qaaod, Amer;
Affiliation
Radiobiology Laboratory, “Victor Babeș” National Institute of Pathology, 99-101 Splaiul Independentei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania;(G.M.);(E.-M.D.);(M.D.);(I.V.N.)
Dragnea, Elena-Mihaela;
Affiliation
Radiobiology Laboratory, “Victor Babeș” National Institute of Pathology, 99-101 Splaiul Independentei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania;(G.M.);(E.-M.D.);(M.D.);(I.V.N.)
Dobre, Maria;
Affiliation
Radiobiology Laboratory, “Victor Babeș” National Institute of Pathology, 99-101 Splaiul Independentei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania;(G.M.);(E.-M.D.);(M.D.);(I.V.N.)
Neagoe, Ionela Victoria;
Affiliation
ABTE/ToxEMAC Laboratory, University of Caen Normandy, F-14050 Caen, France;(T.S.);(S.H.)
Sangsuwan, Traimate;
Affiliation
ABTE/ToxEMAC Laboratory, University of Caen Normandy, F-14050 Caen, France;(T.S.);(S.H.)
Haghdoost, Siamak;
ORCID
0009-0007-0596-2945
Affiliation
DNA Damage Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece;(A.G.);(S.N.V.);(A.G.);(I.T.)
Vasilopoulos, Spyridon N.;
Affiliation
Laboratory of Health Physics, Radiobiology & Cytogenetics, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Agia Paraskevi, Greece;(S.T.);(G.I.T.)
Triantopoulou, Sotiria;
ORCID
0009-0006-3855-940X
Affiliation
DNA Damage Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece;(A.G.);(S.N.V.);(A.G.);(I.T.)
Georgakopoulou, Anna;
Affiliation
DNA Damage Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece;(A.G.);(S.N.V.);(A.G.);(I.T.)
Tremi, Ioanna;
ORCID
0000-0003-4765-3730
Affiliation
Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;(P.N.K.);(S.H.);(V.G.G.)
Koutsoudaki, Paraskevi N.;
ORCID
0000-0003-0660-2179
Affiliation
Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;(P.N.K.);(S.H.);(V.G.G.)
Havaki, Sophia;
ORCID
0000-0001-9001-4112
Affiliation
Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;(P.N.K.);(S.H.);(V.G.G.)
Gorgoulis, Vassilis G.;
ORCID
0000-0002-3972-5143
Affiliation
Group of Nuclear Physics, Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 15780 Zografou, Greece;
Kokkoris, Michael;
Affiliation
Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany(A.A.-Q.);(F.K.)
Krasniqi, Faton;
ORCID
0000-0001-6213-5072
Affiliation
Laboratory of Health Physics, Radiobiology & Cytogenetics, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Agia Paraskevi, Greece;(S.T.);(G.I.T.)
Terzoudi, Georgia I.;
ORCID
0000-0002-5971-0010
Affiliation
DNA Damage Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece;(A.G.);(S.N.V.);(A.G.);(I.T.)
Georgakilas, Alexandros G.

The ozone layer in the Earth’s atmosphere filters solar radiation and limits the unwanted effects on humans. A depletion of this ozone shield would permit hazardous levels of UV solar radiation, especially in the UVB range, to bombard Earth’s surface, resulting in potentially significant effects on human health. The concern for these adverse effects intensifies if we consider that the UVB solar radiation is combined with secondary cosmic radiation (SCR) components, such as protons and muons, as well as terrestrial gamma rays. This research aims to delve into the intricate interplay between cosmic and solar radiation on earth at the cellular level, focusing on their synergistic effects on human cell biology. Through a multidisciplinary approach integrating radiobiology and physics, we aim to explore key aspects of biological responses, including cell viability, DNA damage, stress gene expression, and finally, genomic instability. To assess the impact of the combined exposure, normal i.e., non-malignant human cells (skin fibroblasts, keratinocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes) were exposed to high-energy protons or gamma rays in combination with UVB. Cellular molecular and cytogenetic biomarkers of radiation exposure, such as DNA damage (γH2AΧ histone protein and dicentric chromosomes), as well as the expression pattern of various stress genes, were analyzed. In parallel, the MTS reduction and lactate dehydrogenase assays were used as indicators of cell viability, proliferation, and cytotoxicity. Results reveal remaining DNA damage for the co-exposed samples compared to samples exposed to only one type of radiation in all types of cells, accompanied by increased genomic instability and distinct stress gene expression patterns detected at 24–48 h post-exposure. Understanding the impact of combined radiation exposures is crucial for assessing the health risks posed to humans if the ozone layer is partially depleted, with structural and functional damages inflicted by combined cosmic and UVB exposure.

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Editor:
Oksenych, Valentyn
Published in:
Biomolecules  
Vol. 15, No. 4 (06.04.2025)
Volume:
15
No.:
4
Date Issued:
06.04.2025
DOI:
10.3390/biom15040536
Language:
English
Type of Resource:
Text
Keywords:
solar UV radiation; UVB; secondary cosmic radiation; ozone; biological effects; DNA damage; fibroblasts; keratinocytes; monocytes
DDC:
610 Medizin und Gesundheit

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