Hot Melt Extrusion as Continuous Manufacturing Technique to Produce Bilayer Films Loaded with Paracetamol or Lactase

Background/Objectives : The oral delivery of large-molecule drugs remains challenging due to poor solubility, perdemeability, and stability in the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in low bioavailability. In this study, hot melt extrusion (HME) was investigated as a solvent-free manufacturing technique for mucoadhesive bilayer films to improve drug absorption. Methods : Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) were evaluated as mucoadhesive film-forming polymers, in conjunction with Eudragit ® RS as a water-insoluble backing layer. Paracetamol and lactase were utilized as small and large molecule APIs, respectively. The resulting films were assembled into bilayer film samples and examined for mechanical properties, mucoadhesion, and dissolution behavior. A novel dissolution model was developed to evaluate unidirectional drug transport. Results : The results showed that bilayer films could be successfully fabricated using HME, with different mechanical properties depending on the polymer and drug content. Tests with the newly developed dissolution model showed a unidirectional drug release. The model also confirmed the need for biorelevant dissolution test systems because of a better differentiation between polymers compared to standard test methods such as the paddle-over-disk method. Furthermore, the investigation revealed that the activity of enzymes was retained after extrusion, thus indicating the feasibility of processing biologics. Conclusions : This study highlights the potential of HME to produce bilayer films as an innovative drug delivery platform offering improved bioavailability for both small and large molecules.