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Fraxicon for Optical Applications with Aperture ∼1 mm: Characterisation Study

ORCID
0000-0001-6561-6293
Affiliation
Optical Sciences Centre, ARC Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia;(H.M.);(D.S.);(N.H.A.L.);(R.D.);(Z.K.);(P.R.S.);(G.S.);(T.K.);(S.J.)
Mu, Haoran;
ORCID
0000-0002-2543-5209
Affiliation
Optical Sciences Centre, ARC Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia;(H.M.);(D.S.);(N.H.A.L.);(R.D.);(Z.K.);(P.R.S.);(G.S.);(T.K.);(S.J.)
Smith, Daniel;
ORCID
0000-0002-9164-3399
Affiliation
Optical Sciences Centre, ARC Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia;(H.M.);(D.S.);(N.H.A.L.);(R.D.);(Z.K.);(P.R.S.);(G.S.);(T.K.);(S.J.)
Ng, Soon Hock;
ORCID
0000-0001-8867-1949
Affiliation
Optical Sciences Centre, ARC Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia;(H.M.);(D.S.);(N.H.A.L.);(R.D.);(Z.K.);(P.R.S.);(G.S.);(T.K.);(S.J.)
Anand, Vijayakumar;
Affiliation
Optical Sciences Centre, ARC Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia;(H.M.);(D.S.);(N.H.A.L.);(R.D.);(Z.K.);(P.R.S.);(G.S.);(T.K.);(S.J.)
Le, Nguyen Hoai An;
Affiliation
Optical Sciences Centre, ARC Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia;(H.M.);(D.S.);(N.H.A.L.);(R.D.);(Z.K.);(P.R.S.);(G.S.);(T.K.);(S.J.)
Dharmavarapu, Raghu;
Affiliation
Optical Sciences Centre, ARC Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia;(H.M.);(D.S.);(N.H.A.L.);(R.D.);(Z.K.);(P.R.S.);(G.S.);(T.K.);(S.J.)
Khajehsaeidimahabadi, Zahra;
ORCID
0000-0002-2412-8354
Affiliation
Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia;
Richardson, Rachael T.;
Affiliation
Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany;
Ruther, Patrick;
ORCID
0000-0003-4882-9400
Affiliation
Optical Sciences Centre, ARC Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia;(H.M.);(D.S.);(N.H.A.L.);(R.D.);(Z.K.);(P.R.S.);(G.S.);(T.K.);(S.J.)
Stoddart, Paul R.;
Affiliation
Laser Research Center, Physics Faculty, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 10, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania;(H.G.);(D.G.)
Gricius, Henrikas;
Affiliation
Femtika Ltd., Keramikų Str. 2, 10233 Vilnius, Lithuania;
Baravykas, Tomas;
ORCID
0000-0002-1453-3276
Affiliation
Laser Research Center, Physics Faculty, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 10, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania;(H.G.);(D.G.)
Gailevičius, Darius;
Affiliation
Optical Sciences Centre, ARC Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia;(H.M.);(D.S.);(N.H.A.L.);(R.D.);(Z.K.);(P.R.S.);(G.S.);(T.K.);(S.J.)
Seniutinas, Gediminas;
Affiliation
Optical Sciences Centre, ARC Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia;(H.M.);(D.S.);(N.H.A.L.);(R.D.);(Z.K.);(P.R.S.);(G.S.);(T.K.);(S.J.)
Katkus, Tomas;
ORCID
0000-0003-3542-3874
Affiliation
Optical Sciences Centre, ARC Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia;(H.M.);(D.S.);(N.H.A.L.);(R.D.);(Z.K.);(P.R.S.);(G.S.);(T.K.);(S.J.)
Juodkazis, Saulius

Emerging applications of optical technologies are driving the development of miniaturised light sources, which in turn require the fabrication of matching micro-optical elements with sub-1 mm cross-sections and high optical quality. This is particularly challenging for spatially constrained biomedical applications where reduced dimensionality is required, such as endoscopy, optogenetics, or optical implants. Planarisation of a lens by the Fresnel lens approach was adapted for a conical lens (axicon) and was made by direct femtosecond 780 nm/100 fs laser writing in the SZ2080™ polymer with a photo-initiator. Optical characterisation of the positive and negative fraxicons is presented. Numerical modelling of fraxicon optical performance under illumination by incoherent and spatially extended light sources is compared with the ideal case of plane-wave illumination. Considering the potential for rapid replication in soft polymers and resists, this approach holds great promise for the most demanding technological applications.

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