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Spongin as a Unique 3D Template for the Development of Functional Iron-Based Composites Using Biomimetic Approach In Vitro

ORCID
0000-0002-3310-3239
Affiliation
Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland;(M.K.);(B.L.)
Kubiak, Anita;
ORCID
0000-0003-2308-2750
Affiliation
Center of Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland;
Pajewska-Szmyt, Martyna;
Affiliation
Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland;(M.K.);(B.L.)
Kotula, Martyna;
Affiliation
Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland;(M.K.);(B.L.)
Leśniewski, Bartosz;
ORCID
0000-0003-2750-0884
Affiliation
Institute of Electronic and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner-Str. 3, 09599 Freiberg, Germany;(A.V.);(P.R.);(S.F.);(Y.J.)
Voronkina, Alona;
ORCID
0000-0002-8858-5407
Affiliation
Institute of Electronic and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner-Str. 3, 09599 Freiberg, Germany;(A.V.);(P.R.);(S.F.);(Y.J.)
Rahimi, Parvaneh;
Affiliation
Institute of Electronic and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner-Str. 3, 09599 Freiberg, Germany;(A.V.);(P.R.);(S.F.);(Y.J.)
Falahi, Sedigheh;
ORCID
0000-0003-3385-1808
Affiliation
Institute of Analytical Chemistry, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 29, 09599 Freiberg, Germany;(K.H.);(A.R.);(C.V.)
Heimler, Korbinian;
ORCID
0000-0002-4144-2353
Affiliation
Institute of Analytical Chemistry, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 29, 09599 Freiberg, Germany;(K.H.);(A.R.);(C.V.)
Rogoll, Anika;
Affiliation
Institute of Analytical Chemistry, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 29, 09599 Freiberg, Germany;(K.H.);(A.R.);(C.V.)
Vogt, Carla;
ORCID
0000-0003-1079-7204
Affiliation
IMBE, CNRS, IRD, Aix Marseille University, Station Marine d’Endoume, Rue de la Batterie des Lions, 13007 Marseille, France;
Ereskovsky, Alexander;
Affiliation
Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Str. 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany;
Simon, Paul;
Affiliation
Institute of Semiconductors and Microsystems, TU Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 64, 01187 Dresden, Germany;
Langer, Enrico;
ORCID
0000-0001-9878-7240
Affiliation
Department Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 25, 18059 Rostock, Germany;
Springer, Armin;
Affiliation
Institute for Nonferrous Metallurgy and Purest Materials (INEMET), TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 34, D-09599 Freiberg, Germany;(M.F.);(A.C.)
Förste, Maik;
ORCID
0000-0003-2099-4957
Affiliation
Institute for Nonferrous Metallurgy and Purest Materials (INEMET), TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 34, D-09599 Freiberg, Germany;(M.F.);(A.C.)
Charitos, Alexandros;
ORCID
0000-0003-0697-9646
Affiliation
Institute of Electronic and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner-Str. 3, 09599 Freiberg, Germany;(A.V.);(P.R.);(S.F.);(Y.J.)
Joseph, Yvonne;
ORCID
0000-0002-7808-8060
Affiliation
Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland;
Jesionowski, Teofil;
ORCID
0000-0003-4951-3555
Affiliation
Center of Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland;
Ehrlich, Hermann

Marine sponges of the subclass Keratosa originated on our planet about 900 million years ago and represent evolutionarily ancient and hierarchically structured biological materials. One of them, proteinaceous spongin, is responsible for the formation of 3D structured fibrous skeletons and remains enigmatic with complex chemistry. The objective of this study was to investigate the interaction of spongin with iron ions in a marine environment due to biocorrosion, leading to the occurrence of lepidocrocite. For this purpose, a biomimetic approach for the development of a new lepidocrocite-containing 3D spongin scaffold under laboratory conditions at 24 °C using artificial seawater and iron is described for the first time. This method helps to obtain a new composite as “Iron-Spongin”, which was characterized by infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetry. Furthermore, sophisticated techniques such as X-ray fluorescence, microscope technique, and X-Ray diffraction were used to determine the structure. This research proposed a corresponding mechanism of lepidocrocite formation, which may be connected with the spongin amino acids functional groups. Moreover, the potential application of the biocomposite as an electrochemical dopamine sensor is proposed. The conducted research not only shows the mechanism or sensor properties of “Iron-spongin” but also opens the door to other applications of these multifunctional materials.

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