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Iota-Carrageenan Inhibits Replication of the SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern Omicron BA.1, BA.2 and BA.5

Affiliation
Institute of Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany;(C.S.);(M.G.);(M.F.);(J.A.);(P.R.);(A.H.);(A.C.);(A.E.)
Setz, Christian;
Affiliation
Institute of Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany;(C.S.);(M.G.);(M.F.);(J.A.);(P.R.);(A.H.);(A.C.);(A.E.)
Große, Maximilian;
Affiliation
Institute of Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany;(C.S.);(M.G.);(M.F.);(J.A.);(P.R.);(A.H.);(A.C.);(A.E.)
Fröba, Maria;
Affiliation
Institute of Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany;(C.S.);(M.G.);(M.F.);(J.A.);(P.R.);(A.H.);(A.C.);(A.E.)
Auth, Janina;
Affiliation
Institute of Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany;(C.S.);(M.G.);(M.F.);(J.A.);(P.R.);(A.H.);(A.C.);(A.E.)
Rauch, Pia;
Affiliation
Institute of Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany;(C.S.);(M.G.);(M.F.);(J.A.);(P.R.);(A.H.);(A.C.);(A.E.)
Herrmann, Alexandra;
Affiliation
Institute of Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany;(C.S.);(M.G.);(M.F.);(J.A.);(P.R.);(A.H.);(A.C.);(A.E.)
Cordsmeier, Arne;
ORCID
0000-0001-8873-3863
Affiliation
Institute of Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany;(C.S.);(M.G.);(M.F.);(J.A.);(P.R.);(A.H.);(A.C.);(A.E.)
Ensser, Armin;
ORCID
0000-0001-8989-5813
Affiliation
Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
Schindler, Michael;
ORCID
0000-0002-8881-7562
Affiliation
Marinomed Biotech AG, A-2100 Korneuburg, Austria;(M.M.-K.);(P.G.);(B.E.);(E.P.-G.);(A.G.)
Morokutti-Kurz, Martina;
Affiliation
Marinomed Biotech AG, A-2100 Korneuburg, Austria;(M.M.-K.);(P.G.);(B.E.);(E.P.-G.);(A.G.)
Graf, Philipp;
Affiliation
Marinomed Biotech AG, A-2100 Korneuburg, Austria;(M.M.-K.);(P.G.);(B.E.);(E.P.-G.);(A.G.)
Engel, Benedikt;
Affiliation
Marinomed Biotech AG, A-2100 Korneuburg, Austria;(M.M.-K.);(P.G.);(B.E.);(E.P.-G.);(A.G.)
Prieschl-Grassauer, Eva;
Affiliation
Marinomed Biotech AG, A-2100 Korneuburg, Austria;(M.M.-K.);(P.G.);(B.E.);(E.P.-G.);(A.G.)
Grassauer, Andreas;
Affiliation
Institute of Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany;(C.S.);(M.G.);(M.F.);(J.A.);(P.R.);(A.H.);(A.C.);(A.E.)
Schubert, Ulrich

Even with its endemic transition, the COVID-19 pandemic remains a public health threat, particularly in the light of emerging variants of concern (VoCs) and the need for pandemic preparedness in the future. In November 2021, the SARS-CoV-2 VoC Omicron emerged and its subvariants BA.1, BA.2 and BA.5 became predominant. Although the protease inhibitor Paxlovid ® and the polymerase inhibitors Molnupiravir and Remdesivir were approved as specific antiviral treatment options for COVID-19 patients in the early stages after infection, effective prophylactically acting substances without adverse effects are not available yet. In a recent study, we demonstrated that iota-carrageenan, a sulfated polysaccharide extracted from red seaweed, efficiently inhibits the replication of the SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan Type and the VoCs Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Delta. Now, we extended this study by investigating the antiviral effects of iota-, lambda- and kappa-carrageenans on the VoC Omicron subvariants BA.1, BA.2 and BA.5. Using a VoC Omicron BA.1 spike pseudotyped murine leukemia virus (BA.1 MLV OM VLP) as well as patient-derived SARS-CoV-2 Omicron isolates BA.1, BA.2 and BA.5 (SARS-CoV-2 OM BA.1 , SARS-CoV-2 OM BA.2 and SARS-CoV-2 OM BA.5 ), we demonstrate that iota-carrageenan exhibits similar antiviral activity against all analyzed Omicron subvariants. As with other VoCs shown before, the biologically inert iota-carrageenan was more efficient than kappa- and lambda-carrageenan. Altogether, these results confirm that, independent of the current and potential future variants, the physical barrier provided by iota-carrageenan might be applicable for prophylaxis and early treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections.

Category

Editor:
Shakibaei, Mehdi
Published in:
Nutraceuticals  
Vol. 3, No. 3 (05.07.2023), p. 315-328
Volume:
3
No.:
3
Date Issued:
05.07.2023
DOI:
10.3390/nutraceuticals3030025
Language:
English
Type of Resource:
Text
Keywords:
COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; coronavirus; variant of concern; omicron; pseudotyping; iota-carrageenan; kappa-carrageenan; lambda-carrageenan; sulfated polymer; virus variants; variants of concern; carrageenan types; omicron subvariants; BA.1; BA.2; BA.5
Subject of DNB:
610 Medical sciences Medicine
DDC:
615 Pharmakologie, Therapie

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