Enhanced Molecular Networking Shows Microbacterium sp. V1 as a Factory of Antioxidant Proline-Rich Peptides

Two linear proline-rich peptides ( 1 – 2 ), bearing an N-terminal pyroglutamate, were isolated from the marine bacterium Microbacterium sp. V1, associated with the marine sponge Petrosia ficiformis , collected in the volcanic CO 2 vents in Ischia Island (South Italy). Peptide production was triggered at low temperature following the one strain many compounds (OSMAC) method. Both peptides were detected together with other peptides ( 3 – 8 ) via an integrated, untargeted MS/MS-based molecular networking and cheminformatic approach. The planar structure of the peptides was determined by extensive 1D and 2D NMR and HR-MS analysis, and the stereochemistry of the aminoacyl residues was inferred by Marfey’s analysis. Peptides 1 – 8 are likely to arise from Microbacterium V1 tailor-made proteolysis of tryptone. Peptides 1 and 2 were shown to display antioxidant properties in the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay.